Operators in 'C'

Operators in ‘C’

These are the special symbol in ‘C’ which is used to do specific process. There are six types of operator in ‘C’ as follows:-

1. Arithmetic Operator
2. Relational Operator
3. Logical Operator
4. Conditional Operator
5. Unary Operator
6. Assignment Operator

1) Arithmetic Operator:-
They are used to do different arithmetic process as follows:-

Operators Meaning
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
% modulo division
(Gives Remainder after division)

There are three types of Arithmetic operator namely
i. Integer Arithmetic
ii. Real Arithmetic
iii. Mixed mode Arithmetic

i. Integer Arithmetic:-
It involves only the integer values / operands and gives the result only in the integer form.
For eg: - a = 15, b = 4
Then a + b = 15 + 4 = 19
a – b = 15 – 4 = 11
a * b = 15 * 4 = 60
a / b = 15 / 4 = 3
a % b = 15 % 4 = 3

ii. Real Arithmetic:-
It involves all the real value (floating points) and gives the result only in the real form
For eg:- a = 3.2, b = 0.3, c = -0.1
Then a + b = 3.2 + 0.3 = 3.5
a – b = 3.2 – 0.3 = 2.9
a * c = 3.2 * -0.1 = 0.32
a / b = 0.3 / 3.2 = 0.093
a % b = This has no values (Invalid)
Note that modulo division % is not done on real operands

iii. Mixed Mode Arithmetic:-
It involves some integer values and some real value but the result is always in the real format
For eg: - 2.5 + 3 = 5.5
3.271 – 2 = 1.271
2 – 3.271 = -1.271
4.1 * 8 = 32.8
25 / 10.0 = 2.5
25.0 / 10 = 2.5
3.3 % 2 = This has no values (Invalid)

Note that modulo division % is not done on real as well as mixed mode operands


2) Relational Operator:- These are the symbol which are used to show various relation. They are as follows:-

Operators Meaning
= = Equal to
! = Not equal to
<> Greater than
> = Greater than or equal to

In ‘C’ when the relation is false the value is 0 (zero) and whenever the relation is true the value is 1 (one)

For eg:-
Let a = 20, b = 10, c = 5.
Then,

Expression Interpretation Value
a > c True 1
a + b < a =" =" c =" =" a =" 10," b =" 20," c =" 4"> c && b True 1
b / c = = c | | a False 0
a – b > -15 && -20 True 1
a < c =" (a"> b) ? 10 : 20
Means if a > b is true then c = 10
if a> b is false then c = 20


5) Assignment operators:-
These are used to assign different value to the variables.
Expression:-

=, + =, - =, * =, / =, % =

Expression Meaning
a = 10 Assign value 10 to variable a
b = 3.9 Assign value 3.9 to variable b
a + = b a = a + b
a - = b a = a – b
a * = b a = a * b
a / = b a = a / b
a % = b a = a % b

Assignment operators is also called as shorthand operators


6) Unary Operators:-
These operators are used on a single variable operand to produce the result.
There are two types of unary operators namely Increment or Decrement operator

+ + is called an increment operator which means increase the value by 1
- - is called decrement operator which means decrease the value by 1

There are post increment / decrement and pre increment / decrement.

For eg:-
Let b = 10
Find a and b each of the following case


1) a = b + +
+ + appears after the variable b .; it is the post increment operator.
. ; value of b is assigned to a first
. ; a = 10
And then value of b is increased by 1
. ; b = 11


2) a = + + b
+ + appears before the variable b .; it is the pre increment operator.
In this case value of b increased by 1 firstly and then this value is assigned to a
. ; b = 11 and a = 11



3) a = b - -
- - appears after the variable b . ; it is the post decrement operator
. ; value of b is assigned to a first
. ; a = 10
And the value of b is decreased by 1
. ; b = 9


4) a = - - b
- - appears before the variable b .; it is the pre decrement operator.
In this case value of b decreased by 1 firstly and then this value is assigned to a
. ; b = 9 and a = 9

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